1.0 The M&M problem

Over the years, I have used the M&M problem in many classes and in many contexts. My brother started working for M&M Mars while I was in graduate school at Penn State in the 1980's. He started in the research division (formulation, I think) and is now a midlevel executive. Whenever I would go home to see parents and siblings, there seemed to be all forms of M&M candy and merchandise around the house (some experimental trials). So, it was natural that I would start using M&M's in a classroom setting. I started using M&M's in class (and writing about it) in the early 1990's.

Here are some references to papers that I have published about some of the things that I have done with the M&M problem (other papers I mention the M&M problem, but it is not the primary focus of those papers).

Paper 34 introduces the M&M problem as a way of introducing data analysis that involves collection, summarization (e.g., pivot tables and sorting), and decision making (e.g., Pareto chart) using spreadsheet software.

I used to hand out packs of M&M's in class. Then, after web systems became popular, I came up with the idea of virtual M&M's (not as tasty, but less costly for large groups of students). Papers 57, 87, 104, and 123 serve as an introduction to web system technologies of client-side processing using HTML/JavaScript (paper 57), server-side processing using ASP (paper 87), database processing using SQL/T-SQL, and data representation between web server and database server using XML (paper 123).

In teaching the statistics course again for the first time in many years, I revisited the M&M problem for classroom use. Papers 126 and 133 show the use of the M&M problem in teaching statistics (my original use of the M&M problem).

[162] Snyder, R. (2007). A system for automating the update of spreadsheet documentation The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. TBA. No. TBA. pages TBA. [ACM Digital Library]

[161] Snyder, R. (2007). Web-based synchronizing of start/stop times for interactive in-class learning experiences The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. TBA. No. TBA. pages TBA. [ACM Digital Library]

[160] Snyder, R. (2007). Security programming using Python: Man-in-the-middle attacks 2007 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 28-29, 2007), Kennesaw, GA. pages 8-13. [ACM Digital Library]

[159] Snyder, R. (2007). Introducing Python programming into the data communications and security courses 2007 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 28-29, 2007), Kennesaw, GA. pages 1-7. [ACM Digital Library]

[158] Snyder, R. (2007). History and relevancy of Enigma machine encryption to present day wireless security issues 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 10-14, 2007), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages TBA.

[157] Snyder, R. (2007). Using the open source TrueCrypt software system to provide on-the-fly encryption of storage media 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 10-14, 2007), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages TBA.

[156] Snyder, R. (2007). Using the open source Portable Miranda instant messaging client to support student-teacher chat sessions from any computer on the Internet 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 10-14, 2007), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages TBA.

[155] Snyder, R. (2007). Creating individual student assignments in the historical context of wireless security and the Enigma machine 1st Computer Security Conference (April 12-13, 2007), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD. [ACM Digital Library]

[154] Snyder, R. (2007). Simple security programming for students using Portable Python 1st Computer Security Conference (April 12-13, 2007), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD. [ACM Digital Library]

[153] Snyder, R. (2007). Simulating the Enigma machine: Creating customized student assignments 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2007), Savannah, GA. CD.

[152] Snyder, R., & Katzan, H. (2007). Visual computing: an idea whose time has arrived 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2007), Savannah, GA. CD.

[151] Snyder, R. (2007). Privacy on the cheap: Some techniques for securely using inexpensive web-hosted sites 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2007), Savannah, GA. CD.

[150] Snyder, R. & Shim, C. (2007). Course registration process automation: A proposed model of a new IT system in educational organization 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2007), Savannah, GA. CD.

[149] Snyder, R. (2007). A web-based system for dynamic teacher-student interaction in a classroom setting The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 22. No. 3. pages 9-15. [ACM Digital Library]

[148] Snyder, R. (2007). Stimulating interest in practical e-commerce programming using barcodes, Amazon Web Services, Java, and XML The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 22. No. 3. pages 16-22. [ACM Digital Library]

[147] Snyder, R. (2006). A web-based system for the complete life-cycle of student topic presentations The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. 22. No. 2. pages 138-144. [ACM Digital Library]

[146] Snyder, R. (2006). Ethical hacking and password cracking: A pattern for individualized security exercises 2006 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 22-23, 2006), Kennesaw, GA. CD. [ACM Digital Library]

[145] Snyder, R. (2006). Some security alternatives for encrypting information on storage devices 2006 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 22-23, 2006), Kennesaw, GA. CD. [ACM Digital Library]

[144] Snyder, R. (2006). Combining an e-commerce simulation with a cyber-survivor exercise 2006 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 22-23, 2006), Kennesaw, GA. CD. [ACM Digital Library]

[143] Snyder, R. (2006). Using ethical hacking to educate users about secure passwords by cracking insecure passwords using readily available software Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 11-15, 2006), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages TBA.

[142] Snyder, R. (2006). A general purpose messaging system used to coordinate class and advising in a College of Business Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 11-15, 2006), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages TBA.

[141] Snyder, R. (2006). A metaprogramming pattern for creating Java class functions using a spreadsheet Annual Conference of the Southern Association of Information Systems (March 10-12, 2006), Jacksonville, FL. CD.

[140] Snyder, R. (2005). A pattern for generating extended truth tables using Java The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. 21. No. 2. pages 244-249. [ACM Digital Library]

[139] Snyder, R., Cliatt, L. (2005). A chi-squared analysis of tipping preferences at a valet service of a historic hotel: a preliminary investigation 41th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 6-7, 2005), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 732-740.

[138] Snyder, R. (2005). A UML specification for a secure XML-based transfer of data using an intermediate server in an e-commerce system 41th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 6-7, 2005), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 375-384.

[137] Snyder, R. (2005). An after-the-fact computer forensics investigation with ethical consequences: experience and recommendations 2005 Information Security Curriculum Development conference (September 23-24, 2005), Kennesaw, GA. pages 75-78. [ACM Digital Library]

[136] Snyder, R. (2005). Using network scanners in an information security management course 33rd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 24-27, 2005), Savannah, GA. CD.

[135] Snyder, R. (2005). Using distributed ASP and PHP scripts to provide meaningful web server diagnostics 33rd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 24-27, 2005), Savannah, GA. CD.

[134] Snyder, R. (2005). Some simple free network scanners for checking the security of a network Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 12-16, 2005), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[133] Snyder, R. (2005). Applying the chi-square goodness of fit test to the M&M problem 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2005), Raleigh, NC. CD.

[132] Snyder, R., & Leseane, R. (2005). A simplified semi-automatic XML-based backup system for remote web sites 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2005), Raleigh, NC. CD.

[131] Snyder, R., & Shim, C. (2005). Towards some automated ways for assessing the programming ability of students 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2005), Raleigh, NC. CD.

[130] Snyder, R. (2005). Using lazy memo functions to add database assignments to a web programming course The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. 20. No. 2. pages 247-252. [ACM Digital Library]

[129] Snyder, R. (2004). An introduction to practical XML techniques for use inside and outside the classroom 40th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 7-8, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[128] Snyder, R., & Bart. B. (2004). A proposal to measure the impact of required on-line quizzes on in-class quiz performance 40th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 7-8, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[127] Snyder, R., & Choi, H. (2004). A method to maintain functionality when updating a production database system from a development database system 40th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 7-8, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[126] Snyder, R. (2004). Determining confidence intervals for proportions using the M&M problem 40th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 7-8, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[125] Snyder, R. (2004). Applying Bayes' rule and sensitivity analysis to the computer competency exam problem 32nd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 11-14, 2004), Pittsburgh, PA. pages .

[124] Snyder, R. (2004). Using XML and COM technologies to put a textual database on the web 32nd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 11-14, 2004), Pittsburgh, PA. pages .

[123] Snyder, R. (2004). Using XML and server-to-server communication to process virtual M&M's 32nd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 11-14, 2004), Pittsburgh, PA. pages .

[122] Snyder, R. (2004). The use of multiple monitor and KVM (keyboard, video, and mouse) technologies in an educational setting Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 6-10, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 232-238 (CD).

[121] Snyder, R. (2004). A practical introduction to the XML, Extensible Markup Language, by way of some useful examples Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 6-10, 2004), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 239-247 (CD).

[120] Snyder, R. (2004). The SKIP paradox: missed perceptions can be important 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 25-27, 2004), Charleston, SC. pages .

[119] Snyder, R. (2004). JavaS: A simple Java integrated development environment for the classroom 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 25-27, 2004), Charleston, SC. pages .

[118] Snyder, R. (2004). ModelS: Improved spreadsheet modeling software for the classroom 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 25-27, 2004), Charleston, SC. pages .

[115] Snyder, R. (2004). Teacher specification and student implementation of a unit testing methodology in an introductory programming course The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. 19. No. 3. pages 22-32. [ACM Digital Library]

[117] Snyder, R. (2003). Getting started with the UML and round-trip engineering using Rational Rose 34th Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute (November 22-25, 2003), Washington, DC. CD.

[116] Snyder, R. (2003). Using meta-spreadsheet text-specification systems in an entry-level MBA quantitative methods course 34th Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute (November 22-25, 2003), Washington, DC. pages CD, #297.

[114] Snyder, R. (2003). Making sense of XML and background server-to-Server processing 39th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 2003), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 844-847 (CD).

[113] Snyder, R. (2003). Security considerations for web-based systems accessing SQL Server databases 39th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 2003), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 415-422 (CD).

[112] Snyder, R. (2003). Using Visual Basic to generate extended truth tables 39th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 2003), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 795-806 (CD).

[111] Snyder, R. (2003). Projects: improved PERT/CPM software for the classroom 39th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 2003), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 782-794 (CD).

[110] Snyder, R. (2003). Moving a web site from a production Internet server to a development Intranet server 31st Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 13-16, 2003), Daytona Beach, FL. CD.

[109] Snyder, R. (2003). IIS security considerations of the FileSystemObject for cooperating and uncooperating users 31st Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 13-16, 2003), Daytona Beach, FL. CD.

[108] Snyder, R. (2003). HTML form automation and web page scraping using MSXML and ASP 31st Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 13-16, 2003), Daytona Beach, FL. CD.

[107] Snyder, R. (2003). The development and use of fault tolerant grading strategies in the classroom 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 2003), Williamsburg, VA. pages 413-415.

[106] Snyder, R. (2003). XML for a spreadsheet modeling system 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 2003), Williamsburg, VA. pages 179-181.

[105] Snyder, R. (2003). A strategy for introducing the Unified Modeling Language in an introductory computer literacy course 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 2003), Williamsburg, VA. pages 72-74.

[104] Snyder, R. (2002). Using Transact-SQL and simulation techniques to create virtual M&M's The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Vol. 18. No. 2. pages 153-164. [ACM Digital Library]

[103] Snyder, R. (2002). XML for the critical path problem in project management 38th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 3-4, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 603-610 (CD).

[102] Snyder, R. (2002). Evaluating and quantifying student reasons for missing class: a preliminary analysis 38th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 3-4, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 341-345 (CD).

[101] Snyder, R. (2002). The getting to class on time problem: applying quantitative methods to achieve a qualitative result 38th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 3-4, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 938-943 (CD).

[100] Snyder, R. (2002). A brief introduction to the Unified Modeling Language and Rational Rose software for specifying transactions in simple web-based systems 35th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 9-13, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 214-222.

[99] Snyder, R. (2002). The fundamentals and practical use of certificate-based security in secure web-based systems 35th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 9-13, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 223-234.

[98] Snyder, R. (2002). An introduction to Classy software for automating classroom management tasks 35th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 9-13, 2002), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 235-243.

[97] Snyder, R. (2002). Integrating the Unified Modeling Language into a software development curriculum 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 20-22, 2002), Hilton Head, SC. pages 141-143.

[96] Snyder, R. (2002). Classical probability using permutation processing with and without replacement in a subset of Prolog 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 20-22, 2002), Hilton Head, SC. pages 222-224.

[95] Snyder, R. (2002). Securely providing students with score and grade information 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 20-22, 2002), Hilton Head, SC. pages 295-297.

[94] Snyder, R. (2001). Creating and using a stand-alone web development system 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 4-5, 2001), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 1040 (CD).

[93] Snyder, R. (2001). An information technology framework for adding e-commerce to the business curriculum 37th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 4-5, 2001), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 481-484 (CD).

[92] Snyder, R. (2001). Computer and information security considerations for installing and running Microsoft Internet Information Server and Microsoft SQL Server 34th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 10-14, 2001), Myrtle Beach, SC.

[91] Snyder, R. (2001). Creating a fully-functional stand-alone web development system that includes web and database servers 34th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 10-14, 2001), Myrtle Beach, SC.

[90] Snyder, R. (2001). Using Active Server Pages to add server-side functionality to an HTML web site 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2001), Charlotte, NC. pages 96-98.

[89] Snyder, R. (2001). Using advanced web-based search techniques to estimate conditional probability 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 2001), Charlotte, NC. pages 285-287.

[88] Snyder, R. (2001). A method for using procedural parameters and callback functions to create a generic exchange-sorting module The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 16. No. 2. pages 134-142. [ACM Digital Library]

[87] Snyder, R. (2001). Using Active Server Pages and simulation techniques to create virtual M&M's The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 16. No. 2. pages 246-255. [ACM Digital Library]

[86] Snyder, R. (2000). Using Active Server Pages and a SQL Server database to create a class scheduling system 33rd Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 11-15, 2000), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 166-172.

[85] Snyder, R. (2000). Recording student scores and assigning grades quickly and efficiently using a computer 33rd Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 11-15, 2000), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 173-178.

[84] Snyder, R. (2000). Classy: An improved system for automating class administration tasks 30th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2000), Wilmington, NC. pages 190-192.

[83] Snyder, R. (2000). A decision support system for collecting, annotating, and returning student assignments electronically 30th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2000), Wilmington, NC. pages 89-91.

[82] Snyder, R. (2000). Some minimum and necessary information technology support for teaching in an electronic age 30th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 2000), Wilmington, NC. pages 83-85.

[81] Reynolds, J., & Snyder, R. (2000). Sifting concurrent and parallel implementations for the prime number sieve of Eratosthenes using Delphi, SMS, and MPI The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 15. No. 2. pages 242-251. [ACM Digital Library]

[80] Snyder, R. (2000). A simple Excel Basic add-in module for abstracting output streams The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 15. No. 2. pages 287-295. [ACM Digital Library]

[79] Snyder, R. (1999). Datalogs: logic programming software for the classroom 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (September 30-October 1, 1999), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[78] Snyder, R. (1999). Regress: multiple linear regression software for the classroom 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (September 30-October 1, 1999), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[77] Snyder, R. (1999). The qualities of a good web page: a beginning multimedia perspective 35th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (September 30-October 1, 1999), Myrtle Beach, SC. CD.

[76] Snyder, R. (1999). Visually taking classroom attendance quickly and efficiently using a computer 32nd Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 13-17, 1999), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 229-235.

[75] Snyder, R. (1999). A painless introduction to getting started with video-conferencing using NetMeeting 32nd Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 13-17, 1999), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 221-228.

[74] Snyder, R. (1999). A personal decision support system for acquiring, processing, organizing, and using student pictures in a classroom setting 1999 Information Resources Management Association International Conference (May 16-19, 1999), Hershey, PA. pages 1014-1016.

[73] Snyder, R. (1999). Some essential concepts and tools for creating and maintaining a web page infrastructure for classroom use 1999 Information Resources Management Association International Conference (May 16-19, 1999), Hershey, PA. pages 1011-1013.

[72] Snyder, R. (1999). A new course in multimedia systems for business 29th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 24-26, 1999), Savannah, GA. pages 162-164.

[71] Snyder, R. (1999). Doubling the return on investment of a computer literacy course 29th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 24-26, 1999), Savannah, GA. pages 108-110.

[70] Snyder, R. (1999). Specifying the rules for an advising system with a logic language 29th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 24-26, 1999), Savannah, GA. pages 234.

[69] Snyder, R. (1999). Using Delphi to convert screen images to compressed PostScript using a run-length encoding scheme The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 14. No. 2. pages 41-51.

[68] Snyder, R. (1999). Using children's songs to teach abstraction techniques in an introductory programming course The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 14. No. 2. pages 92-100.

[67] Snyder, R. (1998). The intricacies of sharing information on a network 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 1-2, 1998), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 229-231.

[66] Snyder, R. (1998). Using Datalog and/or Prolog to generate truth tables 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 1-2, 1998), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 87-89.

[65] Snyder, R. (1998). Models: spreadsheet what-if modeling software for the classroom 34th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 1-2, 1998), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 106-108.

[64] Snyder, R. (1998). Using frames and JavaScript to automate teacher-side web page navigation for classroom presentations 31st Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 7-11, 1998), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 169-177.

[63] Snyder, R. (1998). Using 4DOS batch files to create an infrastructure that makes it easy for students to create and maintain HTML web pages 31st Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 7-11, 1998), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 160-168.

[62] Snyder, R. (1998). Just-in-time teaching: It can be done today, and on a small budget 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1998), Roanoke, VA. pages 263-265.

[61] Snyder, R. (1998). Introducing forecasting using linear regression, neural networks, and fuzzy approximation models 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1998), Roanoke, VA. pages 260-262.

[60] Snyder, R. (1998). Encoding and solving logic puzzles using Datalog 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1998), Roanoke, VA. pages 140-142.

[59] Eure, B., & Snyder, R. (1998). Simulating the Denver International Airport automated baggage system 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1998), Roanoke, VA. pages 200-202.

[58] Schwartz, R., & Snyder, R. (1998). A new program in information systems and computer technology 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1998), Roanoke, VA. pages 241-243.

[57] Snyder, R. (1998). Using JavaScript and simulation techniques to create virtual M&M's The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 13. No. 3. pages 35-42.

[56] Snyder, R. (1998). Teaching the PostScript model using Excel Basic to create PostScript programs The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 13. No. 3. pages 126-132.

[55] Snyder, R. (1997). Turtle graphics and fractal curves with just Excel Basic and spreadsheet Annual Eastern Small College Computer Conference (October 24-25, 1997), The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ. pages 81-89.

[54] Snyder, R. (1997). A card trick for teaching conditional probability and the binomial distribution Annual Eastern Small College Computer Conference (October 24-25, 1997), The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ. pages 40-44.

[53] Snyder, R. (1997). Neural network prediction for marketing analysis 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 1997), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 331-333.

[52] Snyder, R. (1997). Simulating the Monty Hall problem with Excel Basic 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 1997), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 429-431.

[51] Snyder, R. (1997). Fuzzies: fuzzy approximation software for the classroom 33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 2-3, 1997), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 239-241.

[50] Snyder, R. (1997). Weaving computer literacy, structured programming, and object-oriented threads into a macro programming course 27th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1997), Atlanta, GA. pages 161-163.

[49] Snyder, R., & Verhoeven, P. (1997). Conveying to students the centrality of the concept of a sampling distribution in inferential statistics 27th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1997), Atlanta, GA. pages 240-242.

[48] Snyder, R. (1997). The role of programming in a database management course 27th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 26-28, 1997), Atlanta, GA. pages 122.

[47] Snyder, R., & Snyder, M. (1996). The concurrent access problem: not just for computer scientists anymore 10th Annual Computers on Campus Conference (November 10-13, 1996), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 85-87.

[46] Snyder, R. (1997). The missing number problem: what isn't there can be important The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 12. No. 3. pages 139-145.

[45] Snyder, R. (1997). An Excel Basic subset for introducing programming in a GUI environment The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 12. No. 3. pages 49-55.

[44] Snyder, R. (1996). Quantifying ethical decisions using Bayes' rule and sensitivity analysis 12th Annual Eastern Small College Computer Conference (October 25-26, 1996), Marywood College, Scranton, PA. pages 134-141.

[43] Snyder, R. (1996). A mind-reading card trick for teaching computer science principles 12th Annual Eastern Small College Computer Conference (October 25-26, 1996), Marywood College, Scranton, PA. pages 46-51.

[42] Snyder, R. (1996). NEURALS: neural network software for the classroom 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 3-4, 1996), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 179-181.

[41] Snyder, R. (1996). DECIDES: decision analysis software for the classroom 32nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 3-4, 1996), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 374-376.

[40] Snyder, R. (1996). Recording and programming Excel macros in Visual Basic 24th Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 21-24, 1996), Daytona Beach, FL. pages 90-97.

[39] Snyder, R. (1996). Using the NetWare workgroup manager feature 24th Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 21-24, 1996), Daytona Beach, FL. pages 59-66.

[38] Snyder, R. (1996). Human and machine implications of naming a file server 24th Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 21-24, 1996), Daytona Beach, FL. pages 150-156.

[37] Snyder, R. (1996). Neural networks for the beginner 29th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 9-13, 1996), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 174-180.

[36] Snyder, R. (1996). A personal multimedia system for instructional support 29th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 9-13, 1996), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 181-190.

[35] Snyder, R. (1996). Creating interoperability between relational database and logic programming systems 8th Annual Conference of the International Academy of Business Disciplines (April 11-14, 1996), Rockville, MD. pages 503-507.

[34] Snyder, R. (1996). The M&M problem: a tasteful example of summarizing and analyzing data for decision making 8th Annual Conference of the International Academy of Business Disciplines (April 11-14, 1996), Rockville, MD. pages 689-693.

[33] Snyder, R. (1996). Prolog logic for the critical path method of project management 26th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 1996), Charleston, SC. pages 208-211.

[32] Snyder, R. (1996). A systems approach to integrating HTML into the curriculum 26th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 21-23, 1996), Charleston, SC. pages 115.

[31] Snyder, R. (1995). The light switch problem: going outside the system 11th Annual Eastern Small College Computer Conference (October 13-14, 1995), Iona College, New Rochelle, NY. pages 30-33.

[30] Snyder, R. (1995). A system to assist in student advising 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 5-6, 1995), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 204-206.

[29] Snyder, R. (1995). PROJECTS: project management software for the classroom 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (October 5-6, 1995), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 328-330.

[28] Snyder, R. (1995). Network file server reliability 23rd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 23-26, 1995), Kalamazoo, MI. pages 270-276.

[27] Snyder, R. (1995). Introducing expert systems concepts using Prolog 23rd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 23-26, 1995), Kalamazoo, MI. pages 177-186.

[26] Snyder, R., & Snyder, M. (1995). STACAFS: student-teacher automated communication and feedback system 23rd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 23-26, 1995), Kalamazoo, MI. pages 100-106.

[25] Snyder, R. (1995). NetWare-specific network security 28th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 16-20, 1995), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 169-177.

[24] Snyder, R. (1995). Teaching truth table logic 25th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 1995), Wilmington, NC. pages 130-132.

[23] Snyder, R., Snyder, M., & Smith, H. (1995). A groupware project for ESL instruction 25th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 23-25, 1995), Wilmington, NC. pages 378.

[22] Snyder, R. (1994). An institutional multimedia system for instructional support 8th Annual Computers on Campus Conference (November 13-16, 1994), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 32-34.

[21] Snyder, R. (1995). Teaching software engineering principles in an introductory programming course The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 10. No. 3. pages 94-98.

[20] Snyder, R. (1994). An object-oriented system for physical inventory management 30th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of The Institute for Management Science (October 6-7, 1994), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 360-362.

[19] Snyder, R. (1994). LPSOLVE: a linear programming system for the classroom 30th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of The Institute for Management Science (October 6-7, 1994), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 439-441.

[18] Snyder, R. (1994). Automatically managing groups in a network environment 22nd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 17-20, 1994), Baltimore, MD. pages 276-282.

[17] Snyder, R. (1994). Adding problem solving to a computer literacy course 22nd Annual Conference of the International Business Schools Computing Association (July 17-20, 1994), Baltimore, MD. pages 326-333.

[16] Snyder, R. (1994). Centralized computer direction without centralized computer control 27th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 12-16, 1994), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 228-235.

[15] Snyder, R. (1994). Proactive approaches to information systems and computer security 27th Annual Conference of the Association of Small Computer Users in Education (June 12-16, 1994), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 236-242.

[14] Snyder, R. (1994). The noncomputer-checked redundancy problem 6th Annual Conference of the International Academy of Business Disciplines (April 7-10, 1994), Pittsburgh, PA. pages 558-561.

[13] Snyder, R. (1994). Teaching decision analysis using minesweeper 24th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (March 2-4, 1994), Williamsburg, VA. pages 265-267.

[12] Snyder, R. (1993). Estimating an academic computing budget 7th Annual Computers on Campus Conference (November 14-17, 1993), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 11-13.

[11] Snyder, R. (1993). Teaching program correctness to beginners The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 9. No. 2. pages 126-134.

[10] Snyder, R. (1993). A system for assessing student progress 29th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Chapter of The Institute for Management Science (October 7-8, 1993), Myrtle Beach, SC. pages 216-218.

[9] Snyder, R. (1993). Integrating computer literacy and decision support 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 17-19, 1993), Chattanooga, TN. pages 197.

[8] Snyder, R. (1992). Programs that write programs The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges. Vol. 8. No. 2. pages 183-187.

[7] Snyder, R. (1992). CLASSY: a system to automate class administration tasks 22nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Region of the Decision Sciences Institute (February 19-21, 1992), Savannah, GA. pages 218-222.

[6] Snyder, R. (1991). Specifying textual to graphical conversion Journal of Systems and Software. Vol. 16. No. 1. pages 17-28.

[5] Snyder, R. (1990). Lazy debugging of lazy functional programs New Generation Computing. Vol. 8. No. 2. pages 138-162.

[4] Snyder, R. (1990). Issues in the implementation of lazy functional languages Ph.D. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University. University Park, PA.

[3] Snyder, R. (1990). Obtaining flat function definitions: the free variable problem revisited CS-90-03. Computer Science Department. The Pennsylvania State University.

[2] Snyder, R. (1990). Debugging of functional programs CS-90-02. Computer Science Department. The Pennsylvania State University.

[1] Snyder, R. (1989). Converting EBNF to syntax diagrams CS-89-48. Computer Science Department. The Pennsylvania State University.